Amid a worsening opioid epidemic, the overdose-reversal drug naloxone has taken center stage. Fire and police departments across the country stock the drug; nonprofits aim to get it into the hands of millions of residents as a bystander intervention.

But a controversial new working paper has raised the question of whether the urgent push to expand naloxone access may be doing more harm than good.

“I think what’s important for us to take into account is that this is not science in medical best practice,” said Dr. Leana Wen, Baltimore’s health commissioner, who issued a citywide prescription to any individual wishing to purchase naloxone last year and has been a vocal advocate for addiction response.

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